JOURNAL
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Five Years of MLIT Hands-On Support: A Framework for Municipal Staff to Realize PPP/PFI Projects Themselves
…utilization in regional cities. Methods like Park-PFI, DBO, public housing, and small concessions are mixed, showing that Hands-On Support has covered a wide range of types. Four Difficulty …
Regional Platforms and Smooth Public-Private Dialogue: Nine Lessons from MLIT's Three-Year Effort
… facility type and expected user fee income. Park-PFI may be an option for urban parks, and small concessions for idle facilities Responsible department and planning team 5 Choose a facility…
MLIT's Priority Review Regulation: 10 Billion Yen Threshold, 8 Methods, 3 Review Stages, Four Listed Project Categories
…ion and management projects is the origin of Park-PFI. This regulation functions as the upper-level rule when considering Park-PFI. The Three Review Stages Priority review proceeds in three …
How to Conduct Market Sounding: A Six-Step Procedure from MLIT's Guidance for Municipalities
… facility type and expected user fee income. Park-PFI may be an option for urban parks, and small concessions for idle facilities Responsible department and planning team 5 Choose a facility…
VFM Simplified Calculation Model: How Municipal Staff Evaluate PPP/PFI Feasibility at the Internal Review Stage
… facility type and expected user fee income. Park-PFI may be an option for urban parks, and small concessions for idle facilities Responsible department and planning team 5 Choose a facility…
Public Facility Management DX: The State of FM System Adoption in Japanese Municipalities
…, required service level, and procedure (see Park-PFI Failure Patterns). All three axes have, upstream of them, the precision of the FM data the municipality holds. When that precision is lo…
Small Concession Case Study: The Reproducibility of Fukuchiyama's Zero-Burden Public Model
… facilities For park facilities, a dedicated Park-PFI system exists under Article 5-2 of the Urban Park Act, and the practical path is combining Park-PFI with small concession rather than tr…
Park-PFI in 2025: Reviewing the Year's Awards and Regional Application Patterns
Park-PFI in Brief > Unit costs and amounts in financial examples without a cited source are illustrative assumptions , not statistically established market rates. Use estimates and comparabl…
Park-PFI and Park Management Policy 2026 — 203 Parks Reached, TSUNAG and Guideline Updates, and the Coming 20-Year Maturity Problem
Municipal park staff : considering Park-PFI adoption, or facing a renewal cycle and needing the latest policy context. Private operators and consultants : evaluating Park-PFI solicitation en…
7 Structural Patterns Behind Closed-School Failures — An Operator Bankruptcy in Toho Village and 216 Unused Schools Flagged by the Board of Audit
…ases, see 47 Former School Reuse Cases . For Park-PFI's failure patterns and how they overlap, see 5 Patterns of Park-PFI Project Failure . What to do next When developing a school reuse pla…
MLIT's Small Concession Guidebook Explained — Three Walls, VFM Exemption, and Contract Risks [May 2026 Release]
…ck Warehouse Group, implemented jointly with Park-PFI) Period: Approx. 10 years (March 2022 to March 2032, extendable to approx. 20 years by mutual agreement) Public burden: None (city bears…
PFI Guideline 2025 Revision Explained — Three Pillars on Price Adjustment and Private-Sector Proposals
… facility type and expected user fee income. Park-PFI may be an option for urban parks, and small concessions for idle facilities Responsible department and planning team 5 Choose a facility…
READING GUIDE
Choose a starting point.
Follow a short route through the basics, examples and practical steps. Community groups, researchers and students are welcome.
ROUTE 01
For municipal planning
Start with the basics, then move through cases, process and dialogue design.
- What Is Public Facility Management? Challenges, Concepts, and Next Steps
- Sapporo Yurigahara Park Park-PFI LiLiLi — Sapporo's First Case, Community-Led SPV Park Operation
- The Complete Park-PFI Process — A Four-Year Roadmap from Concept to Opening [2026 Edition]
- Market Sounding for PPP: 8-Item Question Template and Step-by-Step Guide
ROUTE 02
For prospective operators
Understand the system, test viability and prepare a proposal.
- What Is a Small Concession? A Complete Guide for Local Government Officials [2026 Edition]
- Higashi Yuenchi URBAN PICNIC — Kobe Sannomiya Redevelopment and Park-PFI After 8 Years of Citizen-Led Social Experiments
- How to Build a Park-PFI Revenue Plan — With Simulation Template [2026 Edition]
- How to Write a Park-PFI Proposal — Working Backward from the Scoring Criteria [2026 Edition]
ROUTE 03
Learn from setbacks
See how projects stall and which conditions to avoid.
- Abandoned School Reuse Failures — Why Repurposed Schools Become Idle Again: Structural Causes of Withdrawal and Business Collapse
- 5 Patterns of Park-PFI Project Failure — Structural Analysis of Contract Termination, Financial Deterioration, and Resident Opposition
- The Zero-Response Sounding Problem — 5 Reasons Private Operators Don't Participate and How to Fix It