JOURNAL
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Abandoned School Reuse Failures — Why Repurposed Schools Become Idle Again: Structural Causes of Withdrawal and Business Collapse
Current Status of Abandoned School Reuse Declining birth rates and student populations mean that, as MEXT puts it, approximately 450 school facilities are closed each year . MEXT's own surve…
5 Patterns of Park-PFI Project Failure — Structural Analysis of Contract Termination, Financial Deterioration, and Resident Opposition
Current Status and Failure Risks of Park-PFI Park-PFI (Public Solicitation Management System) has been rapidly adopted since its establishment through the 2017 revision of the Urban Parks Ac…
The Zero-Response Sounding Problem — 5 Reasons Private Operators Don't Participate and How to Fix It
Current Status and Challenges of Sounding A sounding-type market survey is a dialogue-based market survey conducted before public tender to gather private sector opinions and ideas on utiliz…
Transforming Idle Public Real Estate from Liability to Asset — A Municipal Strategy Guide [2026 Edition]
The State of Idle Public Real Estate > Unit costs and amounts in financial examples without a cited source are illustrative assumptions , not statistically established market rates. Use esti…
Market Sounding for PPP: 8-Item Question Template and Step-by-Step Guide
…arding a public asset, prior to the issuance of a public tender. The assumption that "operators will come if we open a public tender" is particularly risky for small-scale facilities in regi…
5 Steps to Implementing Small Concession — From Concept to Operator Selection [2026 Edition]
…its own deliverables. For a general overview of the Small Concession framework, see What Is Small Concession?. Phase Estimated Duration Key Deliverables 1. Momentum-Building 3–6 months Inter…
Small Concession Platform — Benefits of Membership and How to Use It [2026 Edition]
…n-sharing and matching hub that the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) established in December 2024. It was created to address the three structural barriers to Sm…
47 Former School Reuse Cases — Success Patterns and Failure Factors from Ministry of Education Data [2026 Edition]
Current State of Former School Utilization From FY2004 through FY2023, a cumulative total of 8,850 schools have been closed . By fiscal year, closures have not reached 450 in any year since …
Change of Use for Former Government Buildings — Three Legal Walls and How to Break Through Them
Why Change of Use for Former Government Buildings Is Challenging When city halls are merged or relocated, municipalities consider putting the vacated buildings to other uses. Among national …
The Complete Guide to LABV (Local Asset Backed Vehicle) — Proposing Public Asset Development Without Waiting for Park-PFI Public Calls Through Municipal Land-Contribution LLCs
…icle carefully organizes the basic structure of LABV, its relationship with existing Japanese PPP/PFI schemes, envisaged applicable targets, and the practical hurdles of implementation. Basi…
How Local Companies Become PFI Lead Sponsors — Lessons from Yonago Joint Government Building and Date City School Lunch Center Companion-Model Success
…r roles have long been considered the domain of large general contractors, major design firms, and large operating companies. Behind this lies four structural barriers that local companies f…
The Toyoake Model — How a Population-70,000 City Masters the Priority Review Procedure (The "Private Sector Utilization Projects" Naming Strategy)
… not statistically established market rates. Use estimates and comparable records appropriate to the target facility, location and business when preparing a project plan. Distinguish these a…
READING GUIDE
Choose a starting point.
Follow a short route through the basics, examples and practical steps. Community groups, researchers and students are welcome.
ROUTE 01
For municipal planning
Start with the basics, then move through cases, process and dialogue design.
- What Is Public Facility Management? Challenges, Concepts, and Next Steps
- Sapporo Yurigahara Park Park-PFI LiLiLi — Sapporo's First Case, Community-Led SPV Park Operation
- The Complete Park-PFI Process — A Four-Year Roadmap from Concept to Opening [2026 Edition]
- Market Sounding for PPP: 8-Item Question Template and Step-by-Step Guide
ROUTE 02
For prospective operators
Understand the system, test viability and prepare a proposal.
- What Is a Small Concession? A Complete Guide for Local Government Officials [2026 Edition]
- Higashi Yuenchi URBAN PICNIC — Kobe Sannomiya Redevelopment and Park-PFI After 8 Years of Citizen-Led Social Experiments
- How to Build a Park-PFI Revenue Plan — With Simulation Template [2026 Edition]
- How to Write a Park-PFI Proposal — Working Backward from the Scoring Criteria [2026 Edition]
ROUTE 03
Learn from setbacks
See how projects stall and which conditions to avoid.
- Abandoned School Reuse Failures — Why Repurposed Schools Become Idle Again: Structural Causes of Withdrawal and Business Collapse
- 5 Patterns of Park-PFI Project Failure — Structural Analysis of Contract Termination, Financial Deterioration, and Resident Opposition
- The Zero-Response Sounding Problem — 5 Reasons Private Operators Don't Participate and How to Fix It