JOURNAL
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The Toyoake Model — How a Population-70,000 City Masters the Priority Review Procedure (The "Private Sector Utilization Projects" Naming Strategy)
…esignated manager, comprehensive management, Park-PFI, design-build bundling, and PFI Act projects can all be encompassed by a single phrase — "projects that utilize the private sector" 2. L…
The Complete Guide to Water PPP — The FY2027 Grant Requirement and the Level 3.5 Transition
… article) Water and sewerage Medium to large Park-PFI Urban parks Small to medium Small Concession Small public facilities Small PFI Act Concession Large infrastructure Large Water PPP is sp…
Selecting PPP Methods by Fiscal Capacity Index — Optimal Solutions Across Five Tiers from 0.3 to Beyond 1.0
… General cities of 50,000–100,000 population Park-PFI , DBO method 4 0.7–1.0 Core cities, special cities PFI Act (BTO/BOT), complex facility PPP 5 Above 1.0 Designated cities, non-grant muni…
Fisheries Port Act Amendment 2024 — How the Fishery Port Facility Utilization System Is Transforming Harbors Through Kaigyo × PPP
… facility type and expected user fee income. Park-PFI may be an option for urban parks, and small concessions for idle facilities Responsible department and planning team 5 Choose a facility…
What Is PRE Strategy? — How to Think About Activating Public Real Estate [2026 Edition]
…te operator for projects under 1 billion yen Park-PFI : Private operators install and manage revenue-generating facilities within urban parks Interim use : Temporary leasing for parking, sto…
PPP/PFI Introduction — The Essential First Read for Municipal Officials [2026 Edition]
… concession arrangements, small concessions, Park-PFI, PPP leasing, and bundled management contracts — all are forms of PPP. PFI (Private Finance Initiative) PFI is the specific method withi…
Public Facility Management Guide: What to Do After Your Management Plan
… through operations 10–20 years Small–medium Park-PFI Revenue facility establishment and management in urban parks Revenue facility operations + park improvements Up to 20 years Small–medium…
Park-PFI Implementation Guide — What 203 Parks Reveal About the Steps Municipalities Should Actually Take [2026 Edition]
…aff : you're evaluating whether to introduce Park-PFI to an urban park. This guide walks you through fundamentals, feasibility study, market sounding, and the solicitation process in one pla…
What Are Small Concessions? — Turning Small-Scale Public Facilities into Private Projects, and How Municipalities and Operators Should Move [2026 Edition]
…system exists under the Urban Park Act — the Park-PFI (Public Solicitation Management System). For a comparison of these two frameworks, see Small Concession vs. Park-PFI. Nationwide Impleme…
What Is Public Facility Management? Challenges, Concepts, and Next Steps
…ted to the reality of smaller municipalities Park-PFI Installation and management of revenue-generating facilities within parks Combines park revitalization with revenue generation → For a d…
What Is Park-PFI? How Japan's Public Park PPP System Works, with Case Studies
What Is Park-PFI Park-PFI (the Public Solicitation Management System) is a framework established by the 2017 amendment to Japan's Urban Park Act (Articles 5-2 through 5-9). The core concept …
What Is a Small Concession? A Complete Guide for Local Government Officials [2026 Edition]
…irection. Note that for park facilities, the Park-PFI (Public Solicitation for Park Facility Installation and Management) system under the Urban Park Act is a separate framework with a diffe…
READING GUIDE
Choose a starting point.
Follow a short route through the basics, examples and practical steps. Community groups, researchers and students are welcome.
ROUTE 01
For municipal planning
Start with the basics, then move through cases, process and dialogue design.
- What Is Public Facility Management? Challenges, Concepts, and Next Steps
- Sapporo Yurigahara Park Park-PFI LiLiLi — Sapporo's First Case, Community-Led SPV Park Operation
- The Complete Park-PFI Process — A Four-Year Roadmap from Concept to Opening [2026 Edition]
- Market Sounding for PPP: 8-Item Question Template and Step-by-Step Guide
ROUTE 02
For prospective operators
Understand the system, test viability and prepare a proposal.
- What Is a Small Concession? A Complete Guide for Local Government Officials [2026 Edition]
- Higashi Yuenchi URBAN PICNIC — Kobe Sannomiya Redevelopment and Park-PFI After 8 Years of Citizen-Led Social Experiments
- How to Build a Park-PFI Revenue Plan — With Simulation Template [2026 Edition]
- How to Write a Park-PFI Proposal — Working Backward from the Scoring Criteria [2026 Edition]
ROUTE 03
Learn from setbacks
See how projects stall and which conditions to avoid.
- Abandoned School Reuse Failures — Why Repurposed Schools Become Idle Again: Structural Causes of Withdrawal and Business Collapse
- 5 Patterns of Park-PFI Project Failure — Structural Analysis of Contract Termination, Financial Deterioration, and Resident Opposition
- The Zero-Response Sounding Problem — 5 Reasons Private Operators Don't Participate and How to Fix It