JOURNAL
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Yokohama City's Park-PFI — The Frontline of Large-City Park Activation
Yokohama's Parks and Park-PFI Strategy Yokohama City is one of Japan's largest designated cities, with roughly 2,700 parks large and small as of June 2021 . Its population was 3,754,840 in t…
How Landscape Companies Can Enter Park-PFI [2026 Edition]
…andscape Company Strengths and Challenges in Park-PFI Entry Most landscape companies face structural gaps when attempting Park-PFI entry alone: (1) No food-and-beverage or retail operating k…
Small Concession Latest Trends [2026 Edition] — One Year of the Platform: Achievements and Challenges
…Development 2: Strengthened integration with Park-PFI The number of cases combining Park-PFI and Small Concession for integrated activation of entire public land assets is expected to increa…
Three Ways to Solve Urban Park Aging with Private-Sector Involvement [2026 Edition]
…ough private-sector involvement. Approach 1: Park-PFI (Public Solicitation Management System) Park-PFI is a system established under the Urban Park Act (amended in 2017) in which private ope…
Park-PFI in Kanagawa Prefecture — Cases from Yokohama, Yokosuka, and Manazuru [2026 Edition]
…re region where urban, peri-urban, and rural Park-PFI cases coexist within the same prefecture. The preliminary count of the 2025 census puts Yokohama City at 3,754,840 and Manazuru Town at …
Park-PFI in 2026: 203-Park Statistics, New Cases, and Policy Outlook
… expenditure. Nationwide Adoption: 203 Parks Park-PFI (the Public Solicitation Management System) has been implemented in 203 parks nationwide as of March 2026. Approximately eight years hav…
Comparing Park Revenue Facility Business Types — Café, BBQ, Glamping, and Welfare【2026 Edition】
…rough rest or sports facilities cannot add a Park-PFI amenity building ( Guidelines , §2.3). The choice of revenue facility for Park-PFI is a decision with major implications for business vi…
Park-PFI and the Municipal Assembly — When Ordinance Revision Is Required and How to Explain It [2026 Edition]
…l Is Required The implementation process for Park-PFI (the Public Solicitation Management System) involves assembly participation at multiple stages. One of the most common oversights among …
Setting Usage Fees and Occupation Fees in Park-PFI — The Revenue-Sharing Mechanism Explained [2026 Edition]
…tion Fees Private-sector cost obligations in Park-PFI fall into two broad categories: usage fees and occupation fees . These are frequently confused, but they differ in legal basis, applicab…
What Revenue Facilities Work Best in Parks? A Business Model Comparison by Sector [2026 Edition]
…rough rest or sports facilities cannot add a Park-PFI amenity building ( Guidelines , §2.3). Revenue-generating facilities permitted under Park-PFI (the Public Solicitation Management System…
The Complete Park-PFI Process — A Four-Year Roadmap from Concept to Opening [2026 Edition]
Overall Process Overview The complete Park-PFI process consists of six phases: from concept (Phase 0) through opening and long-term operations (Phase 5). The three to five years is an assump…
Park-PFI vs. the Designated Manager System: Which Should You Choose? [2026 Edition]
… of the first choices encountered is between Park-PFI (the Public Solicitation Management System) and the designated manager system . Despite the surface-level similarity of "involving priva…
READING GUIDE
Choose a starting point.
Follow a short route through the basics, examples and practical steps. Community groups, researchers and students are welcome.
ROUTE 01
For municipal planning
Start with the basics, then move through cases, process and dialogue design.
- What Is Public Facility Management? Challenges, Concepts, and Next Steps
- Sapporo Yurigahara Park Park-PFI LiLiLi — Sapporo's First Case, Community-Led SPV Park Operation
- The Complete Park-PFI Process — A Four-Year Roadmap from Concept to Opening [2026 Edition]
- Market Sounding for PPP: 8-Item Question Template and Step-by-Step Guide
ROUTE 02
For prospective operators
Understand the system, test viability and prepare a proposal.
- What Is a Small Concession? A Complete Guide for Local Government Officials [2026 Edition]
- Higashi Yuenchi URBAN PICNIC — Kobe Sannomiya Redevelopment and Park-PFI After 8 Years of Citizen-Led Social Experiments
- How to Build a Park-PFI Revenue Plan — With Simulation Template [2026 Edition]
- How to Write a Park-PFI Proposal — Working Backward from the Scoring Criteria [2026 Edition]
ROUTE 03
Learn from setbacks
See how projects stall and which conditions to avoid.
- Abandoned School Reuse Failures — Why Repurposed Schools Become Idle Again: Structural Causes of Withdrawal and Business Collapse
- 5 Patterns of Park-PFI Project Failure — Structural Analysis of Contract Termination, Financial Deterioration, and Resident Opposition
- The Zero-Response Sounding Problem — 5 Reasons Private Operators Don't Participate and How to Fix It