JOURNAL
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Setting Usage Fees and Occupation Fees in Park-PFI — The Revenue-Sharing Mechanism Explained [2026 Edition]
…d occupation fees . These are frequently confused, but they differ in legal basis, applicable facilities, and calculation methods. Usage Fees (Consideration for Permits to Install Publicly S…
Consortium vs JV vs SPC: What Actually Differs, and the Five Functions a Winning Park-PFI Team Needs [2026 Edition]
…eam with and how to divide roles. Executives of prospective lead companies : you need to weigh the responsibilities of leading a consortium and decide between SPC and JV structures. Consulta…
Abandoned School Proposal Design — Selection Flow and Evaluation Criteria [2026 Edition]
…oned school operator selection predominantly uses a proposal-based (competitive dialogue) approach rather than the price-competitive bidding commonly used in standard public procurement. The…
Comparing 7 PPP/PFI Methods: How to Choose Between Park-PFI, Small Concession, and Designated Management [2026 Edition]
Overview of 7 PPP/PFI Methods PPP/PFI is not a single method. The term covers several options that differ in statutory basis, project scale and risk allocation, so "We want to pursue public-…
Abandoned School × Welfare Facility Revenue Model — Estimating Type B Employment Support Fees and Facility Costs [2026 Edition]
What Changes When You Use a Closed School > The assumptions in the estimates that follow (number of users, operating days and facility cost amounts) are the article's own , not published sta…
Market Sounding in Park-PFI — Three-Stage Design and Implementation [2026 Edition]
The Role of Sounding in Park-PFI In the commercialization of Park-PFI (the Public Solicitation Management System) , market sounding (sounding-type market survey) is among the most important …
Nagaoka City Kosodatenoeki Senshu — Japan's First Park-Integrated Childcare Support Model and Sustainable Operations
Overview of Kosodatenoeki Senshu Kosodatenoeki Senshu "Tekuteku" in Nagaoka City, Niigata Prefecture, is Kosodatenoeki Senshu, nicknamed Tekuteku, opened on May 5, 2009 as the first Kosodate…
A Park-PFI Feasibility Study Costs 5 to 20 Million Yen. The Six Phases to Settle Before You Commission One [2026 Edition]
…government begins exploring the introduction of Park-PFI (the Public Solicitation Management System) , it typically faces an immediate question: where to start. Even with a clear understandi…
Kamiyama and Green Valley: Population and Migration, the Buildings Used for Satellite Offices, and the College That Turned the Former Kamiyama Junior High School into a Dormitory
…, including 84 foreign residents, in 2,443 households. In the town's table the population was 20,502 in FY1955 and 4,529 in FY2025 (both as of 31 March at the end of the fiscal year) . The i…
Designated Manager Withdrawals: What the MIC Survey Counts, and the Four Options Open to a Municipality
Twenty Years of the Designated Manager System The Designated Manager System was introduced through the 2003 revision of the Local Autonomy Act. As of April 1, 2024, the system had been adopt…
Kaiseizan Park Park-PFI — The Design Philosophy Behind a 500-Point Scoring Rubric and a 19-Year Revenue Model
Overview of Kaiseizan Park Among Park-PFI (Public Solicitation Management System) projects in Japan, the Kaiseizan Park project in Koriyama City, Fukushima Prefecture, stands out for the sop…
Risk Allocation Design in Public-Private Partnerships — Learning from Failures: 'Who Bears Which Risk'
…sident opposition Governance failure Absence of monitoring/intervention mechanisms Problems undetected until escalation Among these five, risk allocation failure is the most difficult to rem…
READING GUIDE
Choose a starting point.
Follow a short route through the basics, examples and practical steps. Community groups, researchers and students are welcome.
ROUTE 01
For municipal planning
Start with the basics, then move through cases, process and dialogue design.
- What Is Public Facility Management? Challenges, Concepts, and Next Steps
- Sapporo Yurigahara Park Park-PFI LiLiLi — Sapporo's First Case, Community-Led SPV Park Operation
- The Complete Park-PFI Process — A Four-Year Roadmap from Concept to Opening [2026 Edition]
- Market Sounding for PPP: 8-Item Question Template and Step-by-Step Guide
ROUTE 02
For prospective operators
Understand the system, test viability and prepare a proposal.
- What Is a Small Concession? A Complete Guide for Local Government Officials [2026 Edition]
- Higashi Yuenchi URBAN PICNIC — Kobe Sannomiya Redevelopment and Park-PFI After 8 Years of Citizen-Led Social Experiments
- How to Build a Park-PFI Revenue Plan — With Simulation Template [2026 Edition]
- How to Write a Park-PFI Proposal — Working Backward from the Scoring Criteria [2026 Edition]
ROUTE 03
Learn from setbacks
See how projects stall and which conditions to avoid.
- Abandoned School Reuse Failures — Why Repurposed Schools Become Idle Again: Structural Causes of Withdrawal and Business Collapse
- 5 Patterns of Park-PFI Project Failure — Structural Analysis of Contract Termination, Financial Deterioration, and Resident Opposition
- The Zero-Response Sounding Problem — 5 Reasons Private Operators Don't Participate and How to Fix It