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Small Concession vs Park-PFI — A Deep Dive into the Differences【2026 Edition】
…all Concession: PFI Act The legal foundation of Small Concession is the Act on Promotion of Private Finance Initiative (PFI Act, 1999), specifically the public facility operating rights (con…
A Guide to Repurposing Closed Schools for Welfare Operators: Leasing, Building Checks, Subsidies, Designation Standards and Cases [2026 Edition]
…lities stands at 735 cases (7.1%) . How many of those are rent-free or low-cost is not tallied in the survey. Rent varies by municipality, so read the solicitation documents for the figure. …
Direct Operation vs. Private Outsourcing — A Comparison Framework [2026 Edition]
…ctual provisions are what protect vulnerable users under private operation; (4) Risk Allocation — outsourcing transforms municipal risk rather than eliminating it. The optimal answer varies …
A Guide to Entering Public Space Business — Park-PFI, Closed Schools, and Small Concessions [2026 Edition]
…s" refers broadly to the business activities of private operators in public spaces owned and managed by local governments — urban parks, closed schools, idle public facilities, and more. Two…
Operating Public Facilities Through Disability Welfare Reimbursements — The Stability of Statutory Revenue [2026 Edition]
…ue When evaluating private sector activation of public facilities, revenue stability is one of the most critical criteria. Attracting private operators requires a viable business case — but …
Designated Manager System: 4 Structural Issues and the Park-PFI Alternative
The Current State of the Designated Manager System The Designated Manager System was introduced through a 2003 amendment to the Local Autonomy Act. Before its introduction, management of "pu…
How to Think About 'What's Next' After the Comprehensive Management Plan [2026 Edition]
… not statistically established market rates. Use estimates and comparable records appropriate to the target facility, location and business when preparing a project plan. Distinguish these a…
Park-PFI in Okinawa — A Model Fusing Parks with Tourism Resources
… not statistically established market rates. Use estimates and comparable records appropriate to the target facility, location and business when preparing a project plan. Distinguish these a…
Beyond PFS/SIB — Where Do Proven Programs Go Next?
379 Projects and Counting As part of the expansion and diversification of PPP/PFI , the adoption of Pay for Success (PFS) — outcome-linked private-sector commissioning — has been acceleratin…
Abandoned Schools × Welfare Facilities in Kyushu — Nagasu Town and CTI Engineering's Initiatives
Current State of Abandoned Schools in Kyushu School closures from FY2004 to FY2023, by prefecture: Kumamoto 282, Kagoshima 262, Oita 204, Fukuoka 191, Nagasaki 185, Miyazaki 101, and Saga 76…
Public Asset Activation in Shikoku — Potential and Challenges in a Blank Zone
Current State of Public Asset Activation in Shikoku Among Japan's four Shikoku prefectures (Kagawa, Ehime, Tokushima, and Kochi), within the 203 parks nationwide where Park-PFI is being util…
Abandoned School Reuse in Tohoku — Challenges and Success Stories from Japan's Aging Frontier
Current State of Abandoned Schools in Tohoku Due to declining birthrates, MEXT states that approximately 450 school facilities are closed each year , and its survey records a cumulative tota…
READING GUIDE
Choose a starting point.
Follow a short route through the basics, examples and practical steps. Community groups, researchers and students are welcome.
ROUTE 01
For municipal planning
Start with the basics, then move through cases, process and dialogue design.
- What Is Public Facility Management? Challenges, Concepts, and Next Steps
- Sapporo Yurigahara Park Park-PFI LiLiLi — Sapporo's First Case, Community-Led SPV Park Operation
- The Complete Park-PFI Process — A Four-Year Roadmap from Concept to Opening [2026 Edition]
- Market Sounding for PPP: 8-Item Question Template and Step-by-Step Guide
ROUTE 02
For prospective operators
Understand the system, test viability and prepare a proposal.
- What Is a Small Concession? A Complete Guide for Local Government Officials [2026 Edition]
- Higashi Yuenchi URBAN PICNIC — Kobe Sannomiya Redevelopment and Park-PFI After 8 Years of Citizen-Led Social Experiments
- How to Build a Park-PFI Revenue Plan — With Simulation Template [2026 Edition]
- How to Write a Park-PFI Proposal — Working Backward from the Scoring Criteria [2026 Edition]
ROUTE 03
Learn from setbacks
See how projects stall and which conditions to avoid.
- Abandoned School Reuse Failures — Why Repurposed Schools Become Idle Again: Structural Causes of Withdrawal and Business Collapse
- 5 Patterns of Park-PFI Project Failure — Structural Analysis of Contract Termination, Financial Deterioration, and Resident Opposition
- The Zero-Response Sounding Problem — 5 Reasons Private Operators Don't Participate and How to Fix It