JOURNAL
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Small Concessions vs. Park-PFI: Which Should You Choose? [2026 Edition]
A guide for municipalities and private businesses: a comparative analysis of Small Concessions and Park-PFI. Covers target facilities, legal basis, project scale, project terms, recommendations by facility type, whether combination is possible, and a decision flowchart. 2026 edition.
Consortium vs JV vs SPC: What Actually Differs, and the Five Functions a Winning Park-PFI Team Needs [2026 Edition]
For private operators who realized they cannot win a Park-PFI or Small Concession solicitation alone. How to fill the five required functions, what makes a viable lead company, how to choose between SPC and JV, where the contractual liability lines fall, and what three nationwide case studies reveal about winning team designs.
How to Open a Park Café: A Guide to Participating in Park-PFI Public Solicitations [2026 Edition]
A guide for private businesses: how to open a park café through Park-PFI (the Public Solicitation Management System). Covers business models, licensing requirements, solicitation procedures, financial projections (initial investment, revenue, profit), success factors, and common pitfalls. 2026 edition.
Park-PFI Succeeds Even in Municipalities of 23,000 — Strategies for Small-Scale Local Governments [2026 Edition]
For local government officials: Park-PFI works in Atsuma Town, Hokkaido, population 4,159. This guide explains why Ninohe City (population 23,000) succeeded, six success patterns for small-scale cases, area requirements starting from 0.25 ha, and how to design solicitations where local businesses can lead.
Abandoned School Proposal Design — Selection Flow and Evaluation Criteria [2026 Edition]
A practical guide to the proposal-based operator selection process for abandoned school reuse. Covers the five-step selection flow, evaluation criteria weighting (price vs. quality), 14 required documents, review committee composition, and common pitfalls — for both municipal officials and prospective operators.
Comparing 7 PPP/PFI Methods: How to Choose Between Park-PFI, Small Concession, and Designated Management [2026 Edition]
A guide for municipal officials: comparing PFI Act Concession, BTO, BOT, RO, Park-PFI, Small Concession, and Designated Management across project scale, contract duration, risk allocation, and revenue structure. A facility-type recommendation matrix and selection flowchart help identify the right method for your municipality.
A Guide for Private Operators on Small Concession — How to Enter the Public Space Business [2026 Edition]
For private operators: A practical guide to participating in Small Concession. Covers 3-route project discovery, the structural reasons why sounding participation raises selection rates (Kaiseizan Park incentive design), proposal evaluation scoring logic, and consortium design for SMEs and NPOs.
Abandoned School × Welfare Facility Revenue Model — Estimating Type B Employment Support Fees and Facility Costs [2026 Edition]
An estimate of the finances of opening a disability welfare service facility in a closed school, using Type B continuous employment support as the example. Covers the base fee tiers from June 2026, the special rule for newly designated facilities, the rule on paying user wages, how to work out the facility cost difference, and cases in Nishiwaga (Iwate), Nagaoka (Niigata) and Yuni (Hokkaido), all checked against MHLW, MEXT and other primary sources.
How to Write a Park-PFI Solicitation Guidelines Document — Using the MLIT Word Template with Real-World Examples [2026 Edition]
A detailed breakdown of the ten legally required items under the Urban Park Act, guidance on downloading and using the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Word template, and a comparison with the 61-page Koriyama City guidelines — equipping practitioners with a complete, workable approach.
Market Sounding in Park-PFI — Three-Stage Design and Implementation [2026 Edition]
For local government officials: A complete guide to the three types of market sounding in Park-PFI (trial, pre-sounding, and market sounding), the Kaiseizan Park incentive system (+8 points), question item design, and results disclosure procedures, based on the 2026 MLIT guidelines.
Nagaoka City Kosodatenoeki Senshu — Japan's First Park-Integrated Childcare Support Model and Sustainable Operations
Structural analysis of Nagaoka City's Kosodatenoeki Senshu 'Tekuteku.' Opened in 2009 as Japan's first park-integrated childcare support facility. Examines the design philosophy of resident nursery staff, free admission, and all-weather functionality, plus the sustainable model expanded to 13+ locations.
A Park-PFI Feasibility Study Costs 5 to 20 Million Yen. The Six Phases to Settle Before You Commission One [2026 Edition]
For local government officials: A complete guide to Park-PFI feasibility studies — covering six workflow phases, deliverables (reports, solicitation guidelines, scoring tables), cost benchmarks (¥5M–¥20M), 50% national subsidy eligibility, and proposal-based procurement procedures.
READING GUIDE
Choose a starting point.
Follow a short route through the basics, examples and practical steps. Community groups, researchers and students are welcome.
ROUTE 01
For municipal planning
Start with the basics, then move through cases, process and dialogue design.
- What Is Public Facility Management? Challenges, Concepts, and Next Steps
- Sapporo Yurigahara Park Park-PFI LiLiLi — Sapporo's First Case, Community-Led SPV Park Operation
- The Complete Park-PFI Process — A Four-Year Roadmap from Concept to Opening [2026 Edition]
- Market Sounding for PPP: 8-Item Question Template and Step-by-Step Guide
ROUTE 02
For prospective operators
Understand the system, test viability and prepare a proposal.
- What Is a Small Concession? A Complete Guide for Local Government Officials [2026 Edition]
- Higashi Yuenchi URBAN PICNIC — Kobe Sannomiya Redevelopment and Park-PFI After 8 Years of Citizen-Led Social Experiments
- How to Build a Park-PFI Revenue Plan — With Simulation Template [2026 Edition]
- How to Write a Park-PFI Proposal — Working Backward from the Scoring Criteria [2026 Edition]
ROUTE 03
Learn from setbacks
See how projects stall and which conditions to avoid.
- Abandoned School Reuse Failures — Why Repurposed Schools Become Idle Again: Structural Causes of Withdrawal and Business Collapse
- 5 Patterns of Park-PFI Project Failure — Structural Analysis of Contract Termination, Financial Deterioration, and Resident Opposition
- The Zero-Response Sounding Problem — 5 Reasons Private Operators Don't Participate and How to Fix It