JOURNAL
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Park-PFI in 2026: 203-Park Statistics, New Cases, and Policy Outlook
2026 Park-PFI statistics covering 203 parks nationwide, three recent noteworthy cases, and what the May 2025 guidelines say. Adoption by fiscal year, and what municipalities should prepare. A concise update for officials and practitioners.
Comparing Park Revenue Facility Business Types — Café, BBQ, Glamping, and Welfare【2026 Edition】
A four-axis comparison of revenue facility types for Park-PFI projects (café, BBQ, glamping, sports, and welfare), covering profitability, area efficiency, community needs, and administrative review suitability. A guide for selecting the right business type.
Park-PFI and the Municipal Assembly — When Ordinance Revision Is Required and How to Explain It [2026 Edition]
For local government officials: a guide covering when assembly approval is required for Park-PFI, three patterns of ordinance revision, how to prepare briefing materials for council members, answers to common questions, and how to coordinate with public hearings.
Setting Usage Fees and Occupation Fees in Park-PFI — The Revenue-Sharing Mechanism Explained [2026 Edition]
A detailed explanation of the legal definitions and calculation methods for usage fees (for publicly solicited park facilities) and occupation fees (for convenience enhancement facilities) in Park-PFI. Covers the revenue-sharing mechanism, relationship with municipal ordinances, the Koriyama City case study, and comparable fee levels from similar municipalities.
What Revenue Facilities Work Best in Parks? A Business Model Comparison by Sector [2026 Edition]
For municipalities and private businesses exploring Park-PFI: a comparison of five business types — cafés, BBQ, glamping, daycare centers, and sports facilities — across four dimensions: initial investment, monthly revenue, profit margin, and location suitability.
The Complete Park-PFI Process — A Four-Year Roadmap from Concept to Opening [2026 Edition]
A detailed timeline covering all six phases of a Park-PFI project, from Phase 0 (initial consideration) through Phase 5 (opening and long-term operations). Covers deliverables, responsible parties, and timeline compression strategies for each phase, illustrated against the four-year real-world case of Kaiseizan Park in Koriyama City.
Park-PFI vs. the Designated Manager System: Which Should You Choose? [2026 Edition]
A guide for municipalities and private businesses: a comparative analysis of Park-PFI and the designated manager system. Covers legal basis, project terms, risk allocation, revenue structures, recommendations by park type, and hybrid combinations. 2026 edition.
Small Concessions vs. Park-PFI: Which Should You Choose? [2026 Edition]
A guide for municipalities and private businesses: a comparative analysis of Small Concessions and Park-PFI. Covers target facilities, legal basis, project scale, project terms, recommendations by facility type, whether combination is possible, and a decision flowchart. 2026 edition.
Consortium vs JV vs SPC: What Actually Differs, and the Five Functions a Winning Park-PFI Team Needs [2026 Edition]
For private operators who realized they cannot win a Park-PFI or Small Concession solicitation alone. How to fill the five required functions, what makes a viable lead company, how to choose between SPC and JV, where the contractual liability lines fall, and what three nationwide case studies reveal about winning team designs.
How to Open a Park Café: A Guide to Participating in Park-PFI Public Solicitations [2026 Edition]
A guide for private businesses: how to open a park café through Park-PFI (the Public Solicitation Management System). Covers business models, licensing requirements, solicitation procedures, financial projections (initial investment, revenue, profit), success factors, and common pitfalls. 2026 edition.
Park-PFI Succeeds Even in Municipalities of 23,000 — Strategies for Small-Scale Local Governments [2026 Edition]
For local government officials: Park-PFI works in Atsuma Town, Hokkaido, population 4,159. This guide explains why Ninohe City (population 23,000) succeeded, six success patterns for small-scale cases, area requirements starting from 0.25 ha, and how to design solicitations where local businesses can lead.
Abandoned School Proposal Design — Selection Flow and Evaluation Criteria [2026 Edition]
A practical guide to the proposal-based operator selection process for abandoned school reuse. Covers the five-step selection flow, evaluation criteria weighting (price vs. quality), 14 required documents, review committee composition, and common pitfalls — for both municipal officials and prospective operators.
READING GUIDE
Choose a starting point.
Follow a short route through the basics, examples and practical steps. Community groups, researchers and students are welcome.
ROUTE 01
For municipal planning
Start with the basics, then move through cases, process and dialogue design.
- What Is Public Facility Management? Challenges, Concepts, and Next Steps
- Sapporo Yurigahara Park Park-PFI LiLiLi — Sapporo's First Case, Community-Led SPV Park Operation
- The Complete Park-PFI Process — A Four-Year Roadmap from Concept to Opening [2026 Edition]
- Market Sounding for PPP: 8-Item Question Template and Step-by-Step Guide
ROUTE 02
For prospective operators
Understand the system, test viability and prepare a proposal.
- What Is a Small Concession? A Complete Guide for Local Government Officials [2026 Edition]
- Higashi Yuenchi URBAN PICNIC — Kobe Sannomiya Redevelopment and Park-PFI After 8 Years of Citizen-Led Social Experiments
- How to Build a Park-PFI Revenue Plan — With Simulation Template [2026 Edition]
- How to Write a Park-PFI Proposal — Working Backward from the Scoring Criteria [2026 Edition]
ROUTE 03
Learn from setbacks
See how projects stall and which conditions to avoid.
- Abandoned School Reuse Failures — Why Repurposed Schools Become Idle Again: Structural Causes of Withdrawal and Business Collapse
- 5 Patterns of Park-PFI Project Failure — Structural Analysis of Contract Termination, Financial Deterioration, and Resident Opposition
- The Zero-Response Sounding Problem — 5 Reasons Private Operators Don't Participate and How to Fix It