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Comparing 7 PPP/PFI Methods: How to Choose Between Park-PFI, Small Concession, and Designated Management [2026 Edition]
A guide for municipal officials: comparing PFI Act Concession, BTO, BOT, RO, Park-PFI, Small Concession, and Designated Management across project scale, contract duration, risk allocation, and revenue structure. A facility-type recommendation matrix and selection flowchart help identify the right method for your municipality.
A Guide for Private Operators on Small Concession — How to Enter the Public Space Business [2026 Edition]
For private operators: A practical guide to participating in Small Concession. Covers 3-route project discovery, the structural reasons why sounding participation raises selection rates (Kaiseizan Park incentive design), proposal evaluation scoring logic, and consortium design for SMEs and NPOs.
Abandoned School × Welfare Facility Revenue Model — Estimating Type B Employment Support Fees and Facility Costs [2026 Edition]
An estimate of the finances of opening a disability welfare service facility in a closed school, using Type B continuous employment support as the example. Covers the base fee tiers from June 2026, the special rule for newly designated facilities, the rule on paying user wages, how to work out the facility cost difference, and cases in Nishiwaga (Iwate), Nagaoka (Niigata) and Yuni (Hokkaido), all checked against MHLW, MEXT and other primary sources.
How to Write a Park-PFI Solicitation Guidelines Document — Using the MLIT Word Template with Real-World Examples [2026 Edition]
A detailed breakdown of the ten legally required items under the Urban Park Act, guidance on downloading and using the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Word template, and a comparison with the 61-page Koriyama City guidelines — equipping practitioners with a complete, workable approach.
Market Sounding in Park-PFI — Three-Stage Design and Implementation [2026 Edition]
For local government officials: A complete guide to the three types of market sounding in Park-PFI (trial, pre-sounding, and market sounding), the Kaiseizan Park incentive system (+8 points), question item design, and results disclosure procedures, based on the 2026 MLIT guidelines.
Nagaoka City Kosodatenoeki Senshu — Japan's First Park-Integrated Childcare Support Model and Sustainable Operations
Structural analysis of Nagaoka City's Kosodatenoeki Senshu 'Tekuteku.' Opened in 2009 as Japan's first park-integrated childcare support facility. Examines the design philosophy of resident nursery staff, free admission, and all-weather functionality, plus the sustainable model expanded to 13+ locations.
A Park-PFI Feasibility Study Costs 5 to 20 Million Yen. The Six Phases to Settle Before You Commission One [2026 Edition]
For local government officials: A complete guide to Park-PFI feasibility studies — covering six workflow phases, deliverables (reports, solicitation guidelines, scoring tables), cost benchmarks (¥5M–¥20M), 50% national subsidy eligibility, and proposal-based procurement procedures.
Designing Park-PFI Scoring Criteria — Lessons from a Real 500-Point Scoring Table [2026 Edition]
A detailed explanation of the six evaluation items in the MLIT guidelines, with a full breakdown of the 500-point scoring table used in Koriyama City's Kaiseizan Park. Learn how to design criteria that favor local firms and how to award bonus points for sounding participation.
Kamiyama and Green Valley: Population and Migration, the Buildings Used for Satellite Offices, and the College That Turned the Former Kamiyama Junior High School into a Dormitory
Kamiyama town in Tokushima Prefecture: its population and in- and out-migration, the history of the NPO Green Valley, the buildings used for satellite offices and trial facilities, and the private college of technology that renovated the former Kamiyama Junior High School, received from the town, into its dormitory, checked against the town's statistics, documents published by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, and the pages of Green Valley and the college.
Kadaru Terrace Kindaichi — Why a Municipality of 23,000 Succeeded with Park-PFI
Structural analysis of Kadaru Terrace Kindaichi in Ninohe City, Iwate Prefecture (population 23,000). A locally funded townscape company, Kadaru Mirai, led a hot spring × Park-PFI project that won the 2023 JSCE Design Prize — a success model for small municipalities.
Manazuru Town × ENJOYWORKS — A Port Town of 6,000 Chooses Small Concession
Structural analysis of the small concession project between Manazuru Town, Kanagawa (population ~6,000) and ENJOYWORKS. As the first case adopted under MLIT's Small Concession Formation Promotion Program, examines the citizen-participatory workshops and operator development-oriented public tender design for the former Folklore Museum (former Tsuchiya Residence).
Designated Manager Withdrawals: What the MIC Survey Counts, and the Four Options Open to a Municipality
More than 20 years after the Designated Manager System's introduction, manager withdrawals, declinations, and zero-applicant situations are occurring across Japan. This article analyzes cases including Suntory Publicity Service's withdrawal from Kamakura Arts Hall and zero-applicant cultural facility tenders, examining systemic sustainability and presenting municipal response strategies.
READING GUIDE
Choose a starting point.
Follow a short route through the basics, examples and practical steps. Community groups, researchers and students are welcome.
ROUTE 01
For municipal planning
Start with the basics, then move through cases, process and dialogue design.
- What Is Public Facility Management? Challenges, Concepts, and Next Steps
- Sapporo Yurigahara Park Park-PFI LiLiLi — Sapporo's First Case, Community-Led SPV Park Operation
- The Complete Park-PFI Process — A Four-Year Roadmap from Concept to Opening [2026 Edition]
- Market Sounding for PPP: 8-Item Question Template and Step-by-Step Guide
ROUTE 02
For prospective operators
Understand the system, test viability and prepare a proposal.
- What Is a Small Concession? A Complete Guide for Local Government Officials [2026 Edition]
- Higashi Yuenchi URBAN PICNIC — Kobe Sannomiya Redevelopment and Park-PFI After 8 Years of Citizen-Led Social Experiments
- How to Build a Park-PFI Revenue Plan — With Simulation Template [2026 Edition]
- How to Write a Park-PFI Proposal — Working Backward from the Scoring Criteria [2026 Edition]
ROUTE 03
Learn from setbacks
See how projects stall and which conditions to avoid.
- Abandoned School Reuse Failures — Why Repurposed Schools Become Idle Again: Structural Causes of Withdrawal and Business Collapse
- 5 Patterns of Park-PFI Project Failure — Structural Analysis of Contract Termination, Financial Deterioration, and Resident Opposition
- The Zero-Response Sounding Problem — 5 Reasons Private Operators Don't Participate and How to Fix It