JOURNAL
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Direct Operation vs. Private Outsourcing — A Comparison Framework [2026 Edition]
…tor, public interest obligations — universal access, non-exclusion of specific user groups, priority accommodation of welfare needs — are relatively easier to guarantee. Private outsourcing …
Financing Public Asset Revitalization — From Green Bonds to SIBs and Hometown Tax
…lities expressed interest in participating , opening ESG bond market access to smaller municipalities that cannot secure sufficient issuance volume on their own. Connection to ZEB Retrofitti…
A Guide to Entering Public Space Business — Park-PFI, Closed Schools, and Small Concessions [2026 Edition]
…ed competition : Rather than competing in an open market, operators receive an exclusive operating arrangement based on a government agreement. 3. Lower initial investment : Using existing b…
Operating Public Facilities Through Disability Welfare Reimbursements — The Stability of Statutory Revenue [2026 Edition]
… safety installation standards. Barrier-Free Accessibility Facilities must be adapted to meet the needs of users who use wheelchairs, have difficulty walking, or have visual impairments. Thi…
Designated Manager System: 4 Structural Issues and the Park-PFI Alternative
…ffiliated with local governments. The reform opened facility management to private companies, NPOs, and community organizations. As of April 1, 2024, the Designated Manager System was in pla…
Public Asset Activation in Shikoku — Potential and Challenges in a Blank Zone
…n Project's expert dispatch program provides access to expert knowledge at no cost. Shikoku municipalities applying for this program would be a vital first step. → For comparison of PPP/PFI …
Parks × Outdoor Fitness — Designing Health-Focused Park-PFI Programs and Their Revenue Models
…t provides psychological relaxation benefits Open-air experience Exercising without a ceiling offers an experience unavailable indoors Community The public park setting fosters an open, incl…
Park-PFI in the Kanto Region — Adoption Status and Success Patterns in Tokyo, Kanagawa, and Saitama
… by a JV led by Tokyo Tatemono. It partially opened in 2023, featuring a landscape design that leverages height differences of up to approximately 7.8 meters. The project aims to create an i…
Closed Schools × Community Exchange Hubs — Operating Models for Composite Community Facilities
…e Advantage Disadvantage Best For NPO Easier access to grants and subsidies. Clear public-benefit positioning Limited fundraising capacity. Potentially slow decision-making Resident-led oper…
A Guide to Opening a Park Cafe or Restaurant — How to Start a Food Business Using Park-PFI
…g, signage, etc. permitted Improved customer access and convenience Revenue Facilities and Designated Park Facilities Park-PFI involves two facility concepts: Public Recruitment Target Park …
Anjo City × Deloitte Tohmatsu — Legal Constraints and Scheme Design for a Historic Park Kominka
… City has acquired the building and plans to open it to the public after seismic reinforcement. Why This Case Merits Attention What fundamentally distinguishes the activation of the former K…
Munakata City's Former Oshima Gakuen — Reusing a Closed School on a World Heritage Island
…Regional Characteristics of Oshima Oshima is accessible by ferry (approximately 25 minutes) from Munakata City's Konominato Port. Fishing and tourism are its primary industries, with the fol…
READING GUIDE
Choose a starting point.
Follow a short route through the basics, examples and practical steps. Community groups, researchers and students are welcome.
ROUTE 01
For municipal planning
Start with the basics, then move through cases, process and dialogue design.
- What Is Public Facility Management? Challenges, Concepts, and Next Steps
- Sapporo Yurigahara Park Park-PFI LiLiLi — Sapporo's First Case, Community-Led SPV Park Operation
- The Complete Park-PFI Process — A Four-Year Roadmap from Concept to Opening [2026 Edition]
- Market Sounding for PPP: 8-Item Question Template and Step-by-Step Guide
ROUTE 02
For prospective operators
Understand the system, test viability and prepare a proposal.
- What Is a Small Concession? A Complete Guide for Local Government Officials [2026 Edition]
- Higashi Yuenchi URBAN PICNIC — Kobe Sannomiya Redevelopment and Park-PFI After 8 Years of Citizen-Led Social Experiments
- How to Build a Park-PFI Revenue Plan — With Simulation Template [2026 Edition]
- How to Write a Park-PFI Proposal — Working Backward from the Scoring Criteria [2026 Edition]
ROUTE 03
Learn from setbacks
See how projects stall and which conditions to avoid.
- Abandoned School Reuse Failures — Why Repurposed Schools Become Idle Again: Structural Causes of Withdrawal and Business Collapse
- 5 Patterns of Park-PFI Project Failure — Structural Analysis of Contract Termination, Financial Deterioration, and Resident Opposition
- The Zero-Response Sounding Problem — 5 Reasons Private Operators Don't Participate and How to Fix It